1️⃣ Statement: All cats are animals. Argument: Therefore, all animals are cats. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because just because all cats are animals does not mean all animals are cats.
Answer: No ✅
2️⃣ Statement: The government should increase the tax on luxury goods. Argument: This will help reduce inequality. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid as increasing taxes on luxury goods can help redistribute wealth and reduce inequality.
Answer: Yes ✅
3️⃣ Statement: Eating fruits is good for health. Argument: Therefore, everyone should eat fruits daily. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because while eating fruits is beneficial, it does not mean everyone must eat them daily.
Answer: No ✅
4️⃣ Statement: All dogs bark. Argument: Therefore, if it barks, it must be a dog. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because other animals can also bark, not just dogs.
Answer: No ✅
5️⃣ Statement: The sun rises in the east. Argument: Therefore, the east is the direction of the sun. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid as the sun does rise in the east, making it the direction of the sun in the morning.
Answer: Yes ✅
6️⃣ Statement: All students are required to attend classes. Argument: Therefore, attendance is mandatory for all students. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid as the statement clearly indicates that attendance is mandatory for all students.
Answer: Yes ✅
7️⃣ Statement: Smoking is harmful to health. Argument: Therefore, everyone should quit smoking. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because while smoking is harmful, not everyone smokes.
Answer: No ✅
8️⃣ Statement: Exercise is essential for good health. Argument: Therefore, everyone should exercise daily. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because while exercise is important, not everyone needs to exercise daily.
Answer: No ✅
9️⃣ Statement: All birds can fly. Argument: Therefore, if it is a bird, it can fly. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because not all birds can fly (e.g., ostriches, penguins).
Answer: No ✅
🔟 Statement: Reading improves knowledge. Argument: Therefore, everyone should read books. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because while reading can improve knowledge, not everyone may need to read books specifically.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣1️⃣ Statement: If it rains, the ground gets wet. Argument: Therefore, if the ground is wet, it must have rained. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because the ground can be wet for other reasons, such as a sprinkler or spilled water.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣2️⃣ Statement: All politicians are corrupt. Argument: Therefore, if someone is a politician, they are corrupt. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because the statement is an overgeneralization; not all politicians are corrupt.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣3️⃣ Statement: If a person is a doctor, they must have a medical degree. Argument: Therefore, if someone has a medical degree, they are a doctor. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because having a medical degree does not necessarily mean a person is a practicing doctor; they could be in a different profession.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣4️⃣ Statement: All fruits are healthy. Argument: Therefore, eating fruits will always lead to good health. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because while fruits are generally healthy, overconsumption or certain fruits may not lead to good health.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣5️⃣ Statement: If a person is a teacher, they must have a degree in education. Argument: Therefore, if someone has a degree in education, they are a teacher. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because having a degree in education does not mean a person is currently teaching; they could be in a different field.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣6️⃣ Statement: All cars require fuel. Argument: Therefore, if a vehicle does not require fuel, it is not a car. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid because if a vehicle does not require fuel, it cannot be classified as a car.
Answer: Yes ✅
1️⃣7️⃣ Statement: If it is a holiday, the office is closed. Argument: Therefore, if the office is open, it is not a holiday. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid because if the office is open, it logically follows that it cannot be a holiday.
Answer: Yes ✅
1️⃣8️⃣ Statement: All mammals are warm-blooded. Argument: Therefore, if an animal is warm-blooded, it must be a mammal. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is invalid because other animals, such as birds, can also be warm-blooded.
Answer: No ✅
1️⃣9️⃣ Statement: If a person is a citizen, they have the right to vote. Argument: Therefore, if someone does not have the right to vote, they are not a citizen. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid because if a person does not have the right to vote, it logically follows that they cannot be a citizen.
Answer: Yes ✅
2️⃣0️⃣ Statement: All squares are rectangles. Argument: Therefore, if a shape is not a rectangle, it cannot be a square. Is the argument valid?
Step-by-Step Explanation
The argument is valid because if a shape is not a rectangle, it cannot be a square, as all squares are a subset of rectangles.